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Do I have PTSD or CPTSD?

Writer's picture: Dr Michelle DarraghDr Michelle Darragh

Whether it's PTSD or CPTSD, reach out now for help, for a better life.
Whether it's PTSD or CPTSD, reach out now for help, for a better life.

Let’s dive into understanding PTSD and CPTSD, two conditions often lumped together but with unique distinctions. Whether you've heard the terms before or are navigating them for the first time, here’s a clear guide to these complex conditions.


PTSD: When Trauma Sticks Around

PTSD, or post-traumatic stress disorder, is what happens when a traumatic event lingers in your mind like an unwelcome guest. It’s not picky—it can affect anyone, at any age, who’s faced something life-altering and terrifying. Think car crashes, assaults, natural disasters—events that leave a mark long after they’ve passed. Many people can recover from the shock of such an event within a few weeks, but sometimes the impact lasts longer than we'd like.


It is important to know it is not your fault, you are not weak if you have PTSD. Scientific studies have shown that PTSD is a physiological reaction with a different part of the brain holding onto the trauma memories.


The Symptoms:

PTSD likes to show up in a few key ways:

- Intrusive memories: Flashbacks or nightmares that feel like you're stuck reliving the event.

- Avoidance: Dodging anything that reminds you of what happened.

- Emotional numbness: Feeling disconnected or flat, even in happy moments.

- On-edge behaviour: Trouble sleeping, irritability, or feeling constantly on high alert.


For some, these symptoms surface soon after the trauma. For others, it’s a slow burn, showing up months or even years later. In the case of those who are repeatedly exposed to such events within their work, such as Police, Paramedics or those in the Defence Force, there can be a physiological build up over time, which could lead to PTSD without a single event.


It’s not one-size-fits-all, which can make it tricky to recognise—especially when physical symptoms like chronic pain or headaches sneak into the mix.


CPTSD: The Complex Cousin

CPTSD, or complex post-traumatic stress disorder, shares some DNA with PTSD but brings a heavier suitcase. It’s what happens when trauma isn’t a one-off event but an ongoing pattern—think long-term abuse, neglect, or living in a war zone.


The Extras That Make It ‘Complex’:

- Emotional rollercoaster: Struggles with regulating emotions can mean frequent, intense ups and downs.

- Self-perception issues: Feelings of shame, guilt, or believing you’re fundamentally flawed.

- Relationship challenges: Finding it hard to trust others, or repeated patterns of unhealthy connections.

- Physical toll: Chronic pain, tension headaches, or gut problems often hitch a ride with CPTSD.


The long-term nature of CPTSD digs deeper into identity and relationships, making recovery a different journey altogether.


The Core Differences

- Cause: PTSD is often sparked by a single traumatic event; CPTSD stems from prolonged or repeated trauma.

- Symptoms: CPTSD builds on PTSD’s core symptoms but adds emotional and relational struggles that run deeper.

- Impact: While both can be life-altering, CPTSD tends to weave itself more thoroughly into someone’s sense of self and day-to-day life.


Getting the Right Support

If you’re nodding along to some of this, you’re not alone—and help is out there. Both PTSD and CPTSD benefit from tailored support to match the nature and impact of the trauma.


Why Understanding the Difference Matters  

Recognising the distinction between PTSD and CPTSD isn’t just academic—it’s essential for getting the right help. A one-size-fits-all approach won’t work when the trauma itself, its impact, and the journey to healing are so varied.


Treatments That Work:

1. Psychotherapy - that is, therapy with a Registered Psychologist:

- For PTSD: Evidence-based approaches like Trauma-Focused Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy (TF-CBT) and Eye Movement Desensitisation and Reprocessing (EMDR) can help reframe trauma and reduce its grip on your life.

- For CPTSD: Trauma-focused therapies such as Dialectical Behaviour Therapy (DBT) and Schema Therapy delve deeper, addressing the emotional, relational, and self-perception challenges unique to CPTSD.

2. Building Resilience: Learning mindfulness, self-compassion, and healthy coping skills can make a world of difference. You can start these skills at home using self-help books, podcasts and apps, or learning from trusted friends.

3. Medication: Sometimes, medications are part of the toolkit for managing symptoms like anxiety or depression alongside therapy. If you're unsure, talk to your psychologist and/or your doctor about whether this could be a consideration for you.


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If you or someone you care about is navigating PTSD or CPTSD, know that recovery isn’t about “fixing” yourself—it’s about finding tools, support, and strategies to regain your sense of safety and connection, and free yourself from intrusive negative images and thoughts.


It’s not easy, but it’s absolutely possible. And if you’re feeling stuck, reaching out for professional support can be the first step toward a lighter load and a brighter path forward.

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